Besides their key beneficial role as pollinators in agriculture, they also provide several valuable products to humans, such as honey, beeswax, bee pollen, bee bread, royal jelly, and propolis (Martinello and Mutinelli 2021). More specifically, honeybees are social insects belonging to the Apis genus and live in well-organized communities. These vary broadly in traits, such as nesting habitat, diet, and social behavior (Hedtke et al. Among them, bees are the dominant pollinators of angiosperms all over the world with more than 20,000 species described to date. Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, including members that are capable of stinging, such as bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, and ants (Branstetter et al. and Klebsiella spp., also known for multidrug resistance, could be an additional reason of concern. To sum up, the microbiota that may be transmitted to humans through stinging appears to differ between honeybees and wasps/hornets, while the isolation from the latter samples of some other important opportunistic pathogens, such as Enterobacter spp. However, most of the suspect colonies isolated from wasps and hornets belonged to important hygienic indicators (i.e., enterococci, Proteus mirabilis, and coliforms), implying possible contact of these insects with fecal origin materials. Results revealed none of the target pathogenic bacterial species in the honeybee samples, with bacilli, staphylococci, and micrococci dominating their surveyed microbiota. Stinging simulation experiments were performed in the lab with live insects collected from the environment in Lemnos Island (north-eastern Greece), while different selective agar media targeting some clinically important bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis/faecium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were used as substrates for microbial recovery and identification. It has been previously suggested that such contact may transmit pathogens causing infections that could even be fatal for some susceptible individuals. Avoid giving them oral medications or anything to drink, and avoid lifting their head - especially if they’re having trouble breathingįor more information about an insect sting allergy, the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immmunology is a great resource.įind RESCUE!® Yellowjacket Traps & Repellents near you.The present research investigated whether accidental contact through stinging with honeybees, wasps, and hornets could represent a microbial hazard for humans.Make sure their clothing is loose so they can breathe.Turn them on their side if they are vomiting or bleeding.Raise their feet about 12 inches and cover them with a blanket.See if they have an epinephrine (adrenaline) auto-injector (Epi-Pen) and inject them. If you’re with someone who is experiencing anaphylaxis, you should: The above symptoms after a sting point to anaphylaxis - a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. Constriction in throat and chest/difficulty breathing.Severe swelling in parts of the body distant from the sting site.If the sting is to the throat or mouth, seek medical attention immediately! Swelling in these areas can cause suffocation. Do not drink alcohol or take sedatives.Lower the stung arm or leg below the heart.Apply a calamine product to reduce itching.Take a pain reliever or an oral antihistamine to reduce swelling.Apply cold water or ice in a wet cloth, or a paste of meat tenderizer with water.Wash the wound carefully with soap and water.Here's what to do if you or someone with you is stung by a yellowjacket: Unlike a bee, a yellowjacket will not leave a barbed stinger in the skin.Ī yellowjacket will often bite the skin to get a better grip, and then jab its stinger into a person's flesh repeatedly. There will be localized reddening, swelling and itching. In most people, a yellowjacket sting produces an immediate pain at the sting site. Sometimes, despite all precautions against yellowjackets, these aggressive insects will sting for no reason.
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